Degree of food processing and association with overweight and abdominal obesity in adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association between the degree of food processing, overweight, and abdominal obesity in adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, with 576 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes. Food consumption was collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and foods classified as in natura or minimally processed, processed foods associated with culinary ingredients, and ultraprocessed foods. Sociodemographic data, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were collected. The analysis was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval, considering p<0.05. Results An intake above the third quartile of processed foods associated with culinary ingredients (prevalence ratio of 1.64; 95%CI: 1.12-2.42) and ultraprocessed (prevalence ratio of 1.58; 95%CI: 1.07-2.34) was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight. Consumption above the third quartile of ultraprocessed foods was associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, assessed by waist circumference (prevalence ratio of 2.48; 95%CI: 1.41-4.36), and waist-height ratio (prevalence ratio of 2.09; 95%CI: 1.11-3.92). Conclusion A higher consumption of processed foods associated with culinary ingredients was related to being overweight, and ultraprocessed foods with overweight and abdominal obesity.

Phase angle as a screening method for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults / Ângulo de fase como método de triagem para sarcopenia em idosas ativas de comunidade

ABSTRACT Objective We investigated the utility of the phase angle as a screening tool for sarcopenia. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study that included 169 active community-dwelling elderly women. The phase angle was determined using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, and sarcopenia was diagnosed based on skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance using bioelectrical impedance analysis, a handheld dynamometer, and the gait speed test, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to investigate the role of the phase angle as a predictor of sarcopenia. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia was 12.4%. The median phase angle was 5.30°; elderly women with sarcopenia had lower phase angles than those without sarcopenia (p=0.006). The phase angle cutoff for the detection of sarcopenia was ≤5.15°, with an area under the curve of 0.685, sensitivity 81.0%, specificity 60.8%, and accuracy 63.31%. Elderly women with a low phase angle show a high risk of presenting with reduced muscle mass. Conclusions The phase angle was shown to be a useful screening tool in elderly women with sarcopenia.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o ângulo de fase como método de triagem para sarcopenia. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 169 idosas ativas de comunidade. O ângulo de fase foi obtido por bioimpedância elétrica tetrapolar e a sarcopenia foi diagnosticada a partir da massa muscular esquelética, força muscular e performance física utilizando bioimpedância elétrica, dinamometria manual e o teste de velocidade de marcha, respectivamente. A curva Receiver Operating Characteristic foi construída para avaliar o ângulo de fase como preditor de sarcopenia. Resultados A prevalência de sarcopenia foi de 12,4%. A mediana do ângulo de fase foi de 5,30°; idosas com sarcopenia apresentaram valores menores do ângulo de fase em relação às não sarcopênicas (p=0,024). O ponto de corte do ângulo de fase para identificar sarcopenia foi ≤5,15°, com área sob a curva de 0,685, sensibilidade de 81,0%, especificidade de 60,8% e acurácia de 63,31%. Observou-se que idosas com ângulo de fase reduzido apresentaram maior chance de terem massa muscular reduzida e sarcopenia. Conclusão O ângulo de fase se mostrou útil para triagem de idosas com sarcopenia.

Estado antropométrico de pacientes pediátricos com doença inflamatória intestinal / Anthropometric status of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Introdução: a Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII) é decorrente de vários fatores que provocam alteração na homeostase do microbioma na resposta imune e no aumento da permeabilidade intestinal. O estado nutricional inadequado, principalmente em pacientes pediátricos com DII, representa prognóstico ruim e pode influenciar na resposta ao tratamento, à morbidade e à mortalidade. Objetivo: esse estudo teve objetivo de caracterizar o estado antropométrico de pacientes pediátricos atendidos em um ambulatório referência para DII. Metodologia: a amostra foi constituída por pacientes atendidos em primeira consulta no ambulatório, de junho de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021. Foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de Doença de Cronh e Colite Ulcerativa, de ambos sexos, com idade entre 2 a 19 anos. Resultados: dos pacientes com CU, 54,7% apresentaram adequado estado nutricional e 45,3% dos pacientes com DC. O percentual de déficit de massa muscular foi de 47,6% dos pacientes com CU e 52,4% dos pacientes com DC. A baixa estatura foi de 37,5% nos pacientes com CU e 62,5% com DC. Conclusão: a avaliação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes portadores de doenças inflamatórias intestinais deve fazer parte da rotina de atendimento, para que sejam promovidas práticas alimentares saudáveis que favoreçam o crescimento, recuperação ponderal e manutenção de massa muscular.

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is due to several factors that cause changes in microbiome homeostasis, immune response and increased intestinal permeability. Inadequate nutritional status, especially in pediatric patients with IBD, represents a poor prognosis and can influence treatment response, morbidity and mortality. Objective: the aim of this study was to characterize the anthropometric status of pediatric patients seen at the reference outpatient clinic for IBD. Methods: the sample consisted of patients seen in the first consultation at the clinic, from June 2020 to February 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of Cronh's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, of both genders, aged between 2 and 19 years were included. Results: of patients with UC 54.7% had an adequate nutritional status and 45.3% of patients with CD. The percentage of muscle mass deficit was 47.6% of patients with UC and 52.4% of patients with CD. Short stature was 37.5% in patients with UC and 62.5% with CD. Conclusion: nutritional assessment of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel diseases should be part of the routine of care, so that healthy eating practices that favor growth, weight recovery and maintenance of muscle mass are promoted.

Reduction of relative handgrip strength and cardiometabolic risk in individuals with HIV/AIDS

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Low handgrip strength (HS) is associated with cardiometabolic alterations that have affected people with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study performed in adults receiving antiretroviral treatment. HS was evaluated using a dynamometer and divided by body weight to obtain the relative strength. The association between relative HS and overweight, increased waist circumference (WC), high body fat percentage, glycemia, and lipid ratios were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Low relative HS was identified in 35% of participants and associated with increased WC (odds ratio = 9.7; 95% confidence interval = 2.8-33.0). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low HS was high and associated with increased WC.

Body image dissatisfaction and dietary patterns according to nutritional status in adolescents / Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e padrões alimentares de acordo com o estado nutricional em adolescentes

Abstract Objective There is a lack of data on the association between body self-perception and eating patterns in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and eating patterns by the anthropometric status in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1496 adolescents was conducted. The participants completed the Body Shape Questionnaire. Demographic, anthropometric, and socioeconomic data were collected, as well as information regarding the pubertal development and dietary intake. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of interest. Results Body image dissatisfaction was identified in 19.5% of the adolescents. Three dietary patterns were identified: (1) the Western pattern was composed of sweets and sugars, soft drinks, typical dishes, pastries, fast food, beef, milk, and dairy products; (2) the Traditional pattern was composed of oils, chicken, fish, eggs, processed meat products, cereals (rice, cassava flour, pasta, etc.), baked beans, and bread; and (3) the Restrictive pattern was composed of granola, roots, vegetables, and fruit. Among overweight/obese adolescents, the data indicated a negative association of slight body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.240 [0.100; 0.576]) and moderate body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.235 [0.086; 0.645]) with the Western dietary pattern. Additionally, in this group, there was a positive association between high body image dissatisfaction and the Restrictive pattern (OR: 2.794 [1.178; 6.630]). Conclusion Amongst overweight/obese adolescents, those with slight and moderate body image dissatisfaction were less likely to follow a Western-like dietary pattern when compared with those satisfied with their body image. Additionally, in this group, adolescents with high body image dissatisfaction was more likely to follow a restrictive pattern.

Resumo Objetivo Há poucos dados sobre a associação entre autopercepção corporal e padrões alimentares no Brasil. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a relação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) e padrões alimentares de acordo com o estado antropométrico em adolescentes. Métodos Um estudo transversal com 1.496 adolescentes foi conduzido. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário de Imagem Corporal. Dados demográficos, antropométricos e socioeconômicos foram coletados, bem como informações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento puberal e ao consumo alimentar. Foi feita uma regressão logística para avaliar as associações de interesse. Resultados A IIC foi identificada em 19,5% dos adolescentes. Três padrões alimentares foram identificados: (1) O padrão Ocidental, composto de doces e açúcares, refrigerantes, pratos típicos, artigos de pastelaria, fast food, carne bovina, leite e laticínios, (2) o padrão Tradicional, composto de óleos, frango, peixe, ovos, produtos de carne processada, cereais (arroz, farinha de mandioca, massas etc.), feijão cozido e pão e (3) o padrão Restritivo, composto de granola, raízes, verduras e frutas. Entre adolescentes acima do peso/obesos, os dados indicaram uma associação negativa entre IIC leve [RC = 0,240 (0,100; 0,576)] e IIC moderada [RC = 0,235 (0,086; 0,645)] e padrões alimentares ocidentais. Além disso, nesse grupo, houve uma associação positiva entre a IIC grave e o padrão Restritivo [RC = 2,794 (1,178; 6,630)]. Conclusão Entre adolescentes acima do peso/obesos, aqueles com IIC (leve e moderada) apresentaram menor probabilidade de seguir um padrão alimentar Ocidental em comparação com os satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Além disso, nesse grupo, adolescentes com IIC grave apresentaram maior probabilidade de seguir um padrão Restritivo.

Triagem sorológica para doença celíaca em adolescentes / Serologic screening of celiac disease in adolescents

OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou identificar a soroprevalência da doença celíaca em adolescentes de escolas públicas da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1.213 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos. O índice de massa corporal foi utilizado para o diagnóstico do estado nutricional, adotando-se os percentis segundo idade e sexo, propostos pela World Health Organization. O anticorpo anti-transglutaminase humana da classe imunoglobulina A (anti-tTG-IgA) foi adotado como teste sorológico para triagem da doença celíaca e foi determinado pela técnica do ensaio imunoabsorvente ligado à enzima (ELISA). Foi realizada análise descritiva, utilizando-se a proporção e a média (desvio padrão). RESULTADOS: O sexo feminino predominou entre os adolescentes, e a maioria encontrava-se com adequado estado nutricional. O anticorpo anti-tTG-IgA foi positivo em 6/1.213 (0,49%) adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: A soroprevalência de doença celíaca entre os adolescentes estudados foi 0,49%. Novas investigações são necessárias para confirmar a prevalência de doença celíaca nessa faixa etária. .

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the seroprevalence of celiac disease in adolescents from public schools in the city of Salvador, Bahia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with probabilistic sample of 1,213 adolescents, aged 11 to 17 years old, of both genders. The body mass index was used to determine the participants' nutritional status based on the percentiles for age and gender recommended by the World Health Organization. Measurement of the anti-human transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (anti-tTG-IgA) antibody was established as the specific screening test for celiac disease, which involved an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive analysis was performed using proportions and means (standard deviation). RESULTS: The female gender prevailed in the sample, and most of the participants had normal weights. The anti-tTG-IgA antibody was positive in 6/1,213 (0.49%) adolescents. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of celiac disease was 0.49% in the investigated adolescents. Further studies are necessary to establish the prevalence of celiac disease in this age range. .

Indicadores antropométricos na predição de síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional / Anthropometric indicators for prediction of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a population-based study

Avaliar a capacidade dos indicadores antropométricos e pontos de corte na predição da síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: estudo transversal, envolvendo amostra probabilística de 879 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Dados metabólicos, antropométricos e sociodemográficos foram coletados. Para diagnóstico da SM, foi utilizada a definição modificada do National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). A capacidade dos indicadores antropométricos na predição do SM foi avaliada por meio da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Resultados: a prevalência de SM foi de 6,6 por cento. Na predição da SM, a área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,79 (0,72; 0,85) para índice de massa corporal (IMC), de 0,79 (0,73; 0,85) para circunferência da cintura (CC) e de 0,83 (0,78; 0,89) para circunferência da cintura corrigida pela estatura (RCE). O ponto de corte identificado para RCE na predição da SM foi de 0,448 (ambos os gêneros). Conclusões: todos os indicadores antropométricos utilizados, com pequena superioridade da RCE, foram bons preditores da SM. O ponto de corte identificado para RCE na predição da SM aproxima-se daquele proposto por alguns autores como universal. Sugere-se o uso deste índice dado a sua simples operacionalidade em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos como preditor da SM...

Objectives: to assess the capacity of anthropometric indicators to predict metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents and to establish cut-off points. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with a probabilistic sample of 879 children and adolescents of both sexes. Metabolic, anthropometric and socio-demographic data were gathered. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was carried out using the modified definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program 's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). The capacity of anthropometric indicators to predict metabolic syndrome was assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 6.6 percent. For prediction of metabolic syndrome, the area under the ROC curve was 0. 79 (0. 72; 0.85) for body mass index, 0. 79 (0.73; 0.85) for waist circumference and 0.83 (0.78; 0.89) for waist circumference corrected for height. The cut-off point identified for waist circumference corrected for height for prediction of metabolic syndrome was 0.448 (for both sexes). Conclusions: all anthropometric indicators used were good predictors of metabolic syndrome, with slightly better results for waist circumference corrected for height. The cut-off point identified for waist circumference corrected for height for prediction of metabolic syndrome was similar to the standard proposed by other authors. It is suggested that this indicator be used in clinical and epidemiological studies as a predictor of metabolic syndrome, since it is simple to measure...